AI for scientific discovery: How researchers use Claude

Anthropic researchers used privacy-preserving classifiers to label 207,049 Claude and Claude Code research sessions (August 2–September 30, 2026) by field and task, finding heavier use in formal sciences like computer science, mathematics, and statistics than in health and lab-based physical sciences, with data analysis and writing dominating. Claude use rises with a constructed "theoretical AI capability" score, which correlates with reinforcement-learning suitability and cognitive work and negatively with physical, interpersonal, or regulated work. Scenario modeling suggests current capabilities could double research output in some fields, and full automation of non-physical work could raise output up to 15-fold in fields like computer science and statistics, versus three- or fourfold in bench sciences.